PBS Unit 1 Review

Master medical testing & diagnosis! Covers vital signs, blood, cholesterol, BMP & more.

Test Objectives: 1) Know basic terminology related to a routine office visit.2) Know the purpose of tracking vitals.3) Know the test, tool and measurement used when tracking vitals.4) Know the tests run on major organs when testing in the office along with the tools and measurements used.5) Recognize and know the purpose of blood components.6) Know what is included in a Complete Blood Count and what can be diagnosed from it.7) Know the steps involved in taking blood.8) Know why cholesterol is important to the body, the types, and which ones are good and bad for the body.9) Know what a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) tests for, why it matters, and what it can diagnosis.10) Be able to diagnose basic diseases from testing results learned in class. Read the information provided and fill in the blank with the correct term. 1) A record of information about a patient’s past and current health. Includes information about the patient’s habits, lifestyle, and even the health of their family is called a medical history.2) Any subjective evidence of disease a patient perceives, such as aches, nausea, or fatigue; allows the health care provider to narrow down the possible conditions that may be affecting the patient and then run tests to make a diagnosis is known as a patient's symptoms.3) Clinical empathy is expressed as the skill of understanding what a patient says and feels, and effectively communicating this understanding to the patient.4) Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic functions that gives an indicator of overall health.5) Pieces of evidence that indicate an illness are called physical symptoms.6) A doctor on the front line of medicine who provides everyday checkups, screenings, treatments, and prescriptions for patients is known as a primary care physician.7) Physical signs and subjective symptoms alone are often not enough evidence for a health care provider to make a diagnosis.8) Data from vital signs help to create a snapshot of the overall health of an individual. Testing in the Office Fill in the information regarding testing of organs during a physical. Eye Visual Acuity, color vision test Snellen Chart Looking at the retina, lens, cornea, sclera Ear Hearing screening, tympanic membrane exam Look at the ear canal and ear drum Otoscope Nose Throat Nasal passage throat inspection Looking into the sinus cavity, the pharynx, and tongue Tongue Depressor, Otoscope Skin Skin Lesion Assessment Using the ABCDE method Dermatoscope Heart Heart Sound Auscultation, pulse assessment Listening to the heart beating Stethoscope Lungs Lung Sound Auscultation Listening for sounds like cracking, wheezing, rhonchi or clear stethoscope again Vital Signs Sort the terms into the correct category of vital sign. Pulse (3) Number of beats per minute unit: beats Respiratory Rate (2) Number of breaths per minute unit: breaths Blood Pressure (4) The force of blood moving through blood vessels. unit: mm Hg Written as systolic pressure pressure Height (3) Measurement of how tall someone is Tool: ruler unit: inches feet Weight (2) Amount a person weighs unit: pounds Body Mass Index (2) unit: ((weight x 703 A measurement of body fat that is the ration of the weight of the body to its height Lung Sounds (2) The sounds and clarity of breaths Measurement: the qualitative description of the sound (wheezing, crackles, etc) Oxygen Saturation (3) The amount of oxygen in the blood. Measured as a percent Body Temperature (3) The degree of heat of the body Unit: Degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius Routine Physical:1) What are all the organs that are checked during a routine physical?2) What are doctors looking for? Routine Testing in the Lab: Blood Components Fill in the missing parts of blood on the image below. USE scientific terms not red blood cells or white blood cells. erythrocyte Leukocyte thrombocyte plasma Routine Testing in the Lab: Blood Function Fill in the chart below regarding the functions of blood components. Blood Component Function Plasma Erythrocytes Thrombocytes Leukocytes Routine Testing in the Lab: Blood Testing Answer the following questions in the space provided.1) What can blood be tested for?2) What is included in a Complete Blood Count?3) What do high or low value say about the function of the body systems?4) What conditions may be associated with high and low values? Routine Testing in the Lab: Blood Terms Match up the term with its definiton. Hemoglobin The protein in RBC's that carries oxygen. Hematocrit The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood Phlebotomy The process of making a puncture in a vein with a needle to extract this blood Median Cubital Vein The vein inside the elbow where blood is draw. Routine Testing in the Lab: Blood Draw Put these steps in order based on your knowledge of phlebotomy. Steps Details Step Number Add a tourniquet have patient make a fist 4 Push the vacutainer tube into the hub and remove when blood flow stops 7 Discard everything following safety protocols, confirm labels, wash hands 10 Identify the patient verify their information 1 Don gloves and alcohol wipe the patient's arm 5 Remove the needle and apply a gauze pad 9 Ensure the bevel is up and enter the vein at 15 degree angle 6 Release tourniquet 8 Wash your hands 3 Prep your area materials 2 Routine Testing in the Lab: Cholesterol Sam recently went to the doctor and his cholesterol was 255 mg Based on this information answer the questions below.1) What does cholesterol do for the body?2) Is Sam's cholesterol levels normal?3) What complications in his body would result from his levels ? Routine Testing in the Lab: Cholesterol Match up the cholesterol terms. LDL "Bad" cholesterol because a high level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. HDL "Good" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver to be removed from the body. Saturated Fats Fats that are typically solid at room temperature, can cause an increase in LDL cholesterol Unsaturated Fats Help the cholesterol balance by decreasing LDL and increasing HDL Plaque Too much LDL cholesterol results in this, a fatty substance that builds up inside the arteries. Routine Testing in the Lab: BMP Answer the following questions in the space provided.1) What are the 3 substances monitored in a basic metabolic panel and why are they important to monitor?2) What could an abnormal BMP indicate? Diagnosis Practice Look at the blood sample and diagnosis your patient. What disease is this and why is it problematic? Diagnosis Practice View the image of your patient's blood vessel. Answer these questions:1) What is your diagnosis?2) What could have lead to this?3) What can happen if left unchecked?4) What suggestions would you make to your patient to improve their condition? Vital Signs: Normal RangesFill in the basic information regarding one's major vital signs. Here is a word bank! 1) What is the normal range for an adult pulse? 60–100 beats per minute2) What tool is used to measure pulse? Watch or clock3) What is the normal range for an adult respiratory rate? 12–20 breaths per minute4) What tool is used to measure respiratory rate? Watch or clock5) What is the normal adult blood pressure reading? 120 mmHg6) What tool is used to measure blood pressure? Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope7) What indicates normal lung breath sounds? Stethoscope8) What is a normal oxygen saturation level? 97–99%9) What tool is used to measure oxygen saturation? Pulse oximeter10) What is the normal adult body temperature range? 97°F–99°F11) What tool is used to measure body temperature? Thermometer