Russian Revolution

LEARNING TARGET Learning Target: I will be able to compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countriesExit Ticket: Bolshevik question Czar Nicholas II History Before the Russian Revolution, Czar Nicholas II promised the formation of a series of representative assemblies, or Dumas, to work toward reform so that the poor lower classes would not rebel against him for years of a struggling economy and poor wages.Russia entered into World War I in August 1914 in support of the Serbs and their French and British allies. Their involvement in the war would soon prove disastrous for the Russian Empire.Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Food and fuel shortages plagued Russia as inflation mounted. The economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort.Czar Nicholas left the Russian capital of Petrograd (St. Petersburg) in 1915 to take command of the Russian Army front. (The Russians had renamed the imperial city in 1914, because the name “St. Petersburg” had sounded too German.)In her husband’s absence, Czarina Alexandra—an unpopular woman of German ancestry—began firing elected officials. During this time, her controversial advisor, Grigory Rasputin, increased his influence over Russian politics and the royal Romanov family.Russian nobles eager to end Rasputin’s influence murdered him on December 30, 1916. By then, most Russians had lost faith in the failed leadership of the czar. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma, the toothless Russian parliament established after the 1905 revolution, when it opposed his will. Death of Czar Nicholas II and the last days of the Romanov Family The February Revolution (known as such because of Russia’s use of the Julian calendar until February 1918) began on March 8, 1917Demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets of Petrograd. Supported by huge crowds of striking industrial workers, the protesters clashed with police but refused to leave the streets.On March 11, the troops of the Petrograd army garrison were called out to quell the uprising. In some encounters, the regiments opened fire, killing demonstrators, but the protesters kept to the streets and the troops began to waver.The Duma formed a provisional government on March 12. A few days later,Czar Nicholas abdicated the throne, ending centuries of Russian Romanov rule.On November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, which is why the event is often referred to as the October Revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the Duma’s provisional government.Civil War broke out in Russia in late 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution. The warring factions included the Red and White Armies.The Red Army fought for the Lenin’s Bolshevik government. The White Army represented a large group of loosely allied forces, including monarchists, capitalists and supporters of democratic socialism.On July 16, 1918, the Romanovs were executed by the Bolsheviks.The Russian Civil War ended in 1923 with Lenin’s Red Army claiming victory and establishing the Soviet Union. YouTube Room where the royal family was murdered. For years, there was a belief that the princess Anastasia had survived. However, with the advent of DNA testing, it was proven that Anastasia WAS among the dead. The Last Days of the Romanovs - National geographic youtube video What year was Czar Nicholas overthrown? 1910 1913 1917 1918 How was the Romanov family murdered? Hanging Electric Chair Gas Firing Squad What happened to the bodies of the Romanov family? They were displayed to the public They were buried by the church They were dumped in an iron mine to be hidden The bodies were never discovered True False RUSSIAN REVOLUTION HISTORY World War I, also known as the Great War, began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His murder catapulted into a war across Europe that lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). The Allied powers won World War 1.Before World War 1, In the early 1900s, Russia was one of the most impoverished countries in Europe with an enormous peasantry and a growing minority of poor industrial workers.Much of Western Europe viewed Russia as an undeveloped, backwards society. The Russian Empire practiced serfdom—a form of feudalism in which landless peasants were forced to serve the land-owning nobility (extremely rich and royal families) {serfs were not slaves in that they couldn't be bought or sold individually, but they were tied to the land and could not legally leave it}—well into the nineteenth century. In contrast, the practice had disappeared in most of Western Europe by the end of the Middle Ages.In 1917, revolution swept through Russia, ending centuries of imperial rule and setting into motion political and social changes that would lead to the formation of the Soviet Union by the lower working classes, getting rid of the royal nobility in charge. The revolution took place in 1917 and within a few short months, it let loose the social unrest in Russia that had been simmering for decades. YouTube THE REVOLUTION THAT SHAPED RUSSIA (YOUTUBE VIDEO) What is communism? Economy run by supply and demand, government does not get involved unless the law is broken Economy is run by supply and demand but major industries like medicine and education are taken over by the government Economy is entirely run by the state (government) and a 5 year plan is created to plan the economy for the future. Corruption is very common as well as starvation Russia was ruled by _ who had _. President power Prime minister blood Monarchy power Theocracy authority The bolshevik party_ and was led by_ appealed to the rich appealed to the poor Appealed to the warrior class appealed to the sick 1. What did the Bolshevik party turn into?2. Why was it an enemy to the rest of the world's economies? answer below Vocabulary matching Match the terms to the definition serf a worker tied to the land they worked Czar or Tsar rulers of Russia for hundreds of years Nicholas II Last Czar of Russia Communism government established with the fall of the monarchy Rasputin Self-proclaimed religious leader who had the confidence of the Czar and Czarina Label the map Place the correct physical features on the map: Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Arctic Ocean, Siberia, Ural Mountains---spelling counts!! Black Sea Caspian Sea Arctic Ocean Siberia Ural Mountains