HS-LS1-2 Body Systems

Master Human Body Systems: Discover how cells differentiate, organs function, and systems interact in this engaging biology worksheet.

Every cell in our body works together with other cells to form our tissues, organs, and organ systems so we can survive. The tiniest bacteria are made of only one cell. Just like us they use their DNA to make RNA to make their proteins! They are Prokaryotes(no organelles) so they continually make RNA and Proteins in the same spot.Eukaryoteshave organelles (compartments) where different activities can be happening simultaneously without mixing with other activities. Think about what might happen if gym class was happening in the science lab or if music class was in the library! Compartments organize reactions to keep everything divided and efficient. In multicellular eukaryotes these compartments are taken one step further. While organelles are like mini compartments organs are large compartments. This efficiency allows us to be large independent creatures. Differentiation: How different cells learn different jobs Every cell in your entire body has all the instructions for all the other cells in your body. So how does your eye know how to be an eye and not suddenly start digesting things? Differentiation!Differentiationis how a stem cell (starter cell with ALL the DNA) turns into the other types of cells in your body. This happens in the womb when cells get different signals to turn on or off parts of their instructions. Once a skin cell has all the instructions turned off except how to be a skin cell it has differentiated - it can now only make more skin cells, create skin cell proteins, and do skin cell jobs.Stem cells are highly sought after cells since they can, essentially, become anything. Do you know where scientists can find stem cells?The differentiated cells don't function as solitary tissues and organs however. Imagine how boring school would be with only one subject! Each system keeps in contact and depends on others. A great example of this is your respiratory and circulatory system. The respiratory system (your lungs and airways) brings in oxygen that is necessary for every cell in your body to stay alive. Once the air is in your lungs you still need it to travel! Your circulatory system pump (your heart) pushes the oxygen carrying molecules to every cell in your body through arteries, narrower arterioles, and tiny capillaries.And even then it's not finished! That same system carries carbon dioxide back to your lungs so you can exhale safely!Let's brainstorm what you know about your organ systems Organ Systems of the Human Body System Structures (Organs) Function Integumentary Muscular Skeletal Nervous Endocrine Circulatory Lymphatic (Immune) Respiratory Digestive Excretory Reproductive (male) Reproductive (female) Your Mission: Body System Poster Project As part of our general overview of the body systems you (and your partner(s)) will be working on a poster outlining some basic information about one system of your choice. Your poster will include the following:1. Analogy: Draw and describe an analogy you create to describe the general purpose of your system. For example, the immune system is like the body's army, soldiers that patrol the area to get rid of invaders.2. Diagram: A large, hand drawn and labeled diagram of the organs of your system in addition to any other diagrams (what happens at the cellular level etc) that may help describe your system's structure and purpose (for example, having a picture of a neuron would be helpful along with a picture of the human body with all of the nerves and arteries colored in)3. Comparative Anatomy: Find pictures of one or two other animals (reptile, bird, amphibian, insect, mammal, etc) and compare their system to the human system you are studying. For example, the circulatory system of a fish and reptile show two and three chambered hearts as opposed to our four chambered heart.4. Common Disease - find and describe the symptoms, causes, and treatments for one disease that affects your system. 5. Regulation and Maintenance: Describe how this system interacts with other systems (for example, the nervous system and hormones help your body run efficiently. Complete information on a second interacting system can be done for extra credit.6. References: Include your sources (minimum 5 sources)Things to keep in mind for Visual PresentationsAppropriate font sizeDistinct headingsBullet vs. Paragraph formatFraming of sections - appropriate white spaceLarge, colorful graphicsProfessional quality, organized presentation We will have the rest of today and one more day of in-class work time to prepare and create your poster. Do NOT turn in this wizer yet :) Gallery Walk Sort the structures and functions into their correct body systems based on the posters that were created. You may need to complete additional research if information is limited on the poster Body System Structures (organs) Function Integumentary Hair, skin, nails temperature regulation, homeostasis, vitamin D production, Sensory organs Muscular Fibers, Actin and Myosin, Calcium and ATP, tendons movement of skeleton Skeletal osteocytes, marrow, ligaments, cartilage Structure, support, movement, red and white blood cell production Nervous neurons, brain cells, spinal cord, dendrites and axons management of all body activities Endocrine glands and hormones sends messages to specific organs to do specific jobs and specific times Circulatory arteries, veins, capillaries, heart deliver oxygen to body cells, dispose of carbon dioxide Gallery Walk Sort the structures and functions into their correct body systems based on the posters that were created. You may need to complete additional research if information is limited on the poster Body System Structures (organs) Function Lymphatic lymphocytes, T and B cells, Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus Identifies and destros foreign invaders, self cells that have been infected, creates antibodies and long term immunity Respiratory Diaphragm, broncioles, trachea, alveoli Gas exchange, specifically for oxygen and carbon dioxide Digestive Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, villi, large intestine, liver, pancreas Extracts nutrients from food and delivers it to body cells. Excretory nephron, kidney, renal artery bladder water retention, waste removal, toxin removal Reproductive (male) testis, epididymus, ureter, penis, prostate to produce gametes and deliver sperm to ovum for fertilization to occur Reproductive (female) fallopian tube, ovary, uterus, cervix, vagina, progesterone, estrogen to produce gametes, nurture growth of developing fetus, deliver baby Interaction and Reflection Unit Which systems does this interact with What would you rate this system model: (3=all present, very well done. 2=minor missing pieces. 1=missing large portions) Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Circulatory Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Excretory Reproductive (male) Reproductive (female) Match the following basic vocabulary Prokaryote Single celled organism that lacks internal compartmentalization such as a bacteria Eukaryote Organism with internal compartmentalization. Can be multicellular Stem cell A cell that has the ability to become any type of cell Differentiation The process of a stem cell turning off the instructions for other "jobs" and becoming their permanent cell type Cell Communication So we know all cells work together in their individual systems AND individual organ systems interact closely with other organ systems. Use logic and root words to match the following types of cell communication to their description. Hint: the term "crine" refers to signaling. So if I said broccolicrine I'd be signaling broccoli. Autocrine When a cell talks to itself. This would be a cell reminding itself to do something (make proteins, etc). In real life this would be like you making a shopping list for yourself. Paracrine When a cell talks to the adjacent cell (the cell right next door). These types of signals are short lived and only go to nearby cells. This would be like you snapchatting a friend right next to you. Endocrine This is long distance signaling. Organs from one location will send signals (hormones) through the bloodstream to a far away location. This is like writing a letter and physically mailing it across the country. Hint: what organs do you think are involved with this type of signal? Distinguish between the accuracy of your poster and the actual body system and function it represents. Reflect on where you were able to represent information clearly and any spots that it was difficult to represent on your model. Reflect on how well your team worked together to complete the assignment