The Universe and the Stars Post-Test

The Sun is a yellow dwarfstar. The Earth rotateson its axis, which causes the Sun to rise and set each day. The Earth revolvesaround the Sun once every 365 days. This object has an incredibly large mass and has the strongest gravity of anything in the Universe: black holes. Identify which statements are TRUE and which statements are FALSE. True Earth can be found in the Milky Way galaxy. False Scientists have provided evidence that proves the Big Bang is a fact. Scientists now know that the Earth is in the center of our Solar System. Supernovas occur when a star is being born. This unit is used to describe the distances between galaxies in the universe. Which of these accurately describes one light-year? The amount of time it takes light to travel one mile The distance light can travel in one year The distance light can travel on Earth before coming to a stop The amount of time it takes light to turn on (for example, when turning on a flashlight) What are galaxies constantly revolving around? A black hole A massive central star Gravity Various other galaxies Mass is… The amount of space an object takes up How heavy an object is How much “stuff” is in an object How fast an object would fall if dropped What holds a galaxy together? The amount of stars A “sun” in the middle of the galaxy Gravity A strong outer layer that keeps stars from escaping The concept of the “Big Bang” … Is a theory that lacks any evidence Deals with an explosion that happened only a few thousand years ago Is supported by evidence that the universe is expanding Is accepted by all groups to be scientific law What makes up the majority of our universe? Dark matter Stars Planets Water Which evidence first supported the heliocentric model of the solar system? mapping of stars using the unaided eye determining that planets orbit in elliptical paths with telescopes taking pictures of distant galaxies with satellite-based cameras observing the surface features of nearby planets and moons with telescopes The Milky Way is approximately 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 km, or 100,000 light-years, across. Which measurement is preferred when talking about distance in galaxies and why? Because galaxies are so large, the distances within and between them are measured in light-years. Because galaxies exist in only a small region of the universe, they are measured in km Because solar systems are related to the stars at their center, distance within galaxies are measured in km. Because of the distance, galaxies closer to Earth are measured in km, while galaxies farther away are measured using light-years Decide whether each statement provides an observation that supports the geocentric model of the solar system. Drag and drop the statement in the correct position in the table. Does NOT support Comets appear dimly at first and then become brighter before fading away again. Meteors appear and briefly move across the night sky in all directions, including opposite to the typical direction of objects in the night sky. Supports The planets all travel in a narrow band across the night sky. The planets generally move across the night sky in the same direction as the sun, moon, and stars move. As the diagram shows, Earth rotates while it orbits the sun. Earth is tilted on its axis. The force of gravity keeps the moon in orbit around Earth. While it revolves around Earth, the moon also rotates slowly on its axis, at a rate that makes the same side always visible from Earth.How long does Earth take to complete one trip from the position shown in the passage, around the sun, and back to the starting position? 24 hours 29 1 days 365 1 days