Genetics -Punnet Squares and Pedigrees

Genetics Vocabulary Match the word with the definition. Click the circlenext to the vocab word, and dragto the circle on the correct definition. genetics the study of heredity heredity the transmission of biological information from parent to offspring ratio a proportion P generation the parent generation of a genetic cross F1 generation the offspring of a P generation cross F2 generation the offspring of an F1 generation cross homozygous alleles in a pair are the same (TT or tt) heterozygous alleles in a pair are different (Tt or Bb) gene the basic unit of heredity made of DNA that determines the characteristics of a trait Gregor Mendel the Austrian monk whose research on pea plants laid the foundations for genetics Fill in the blank with the bestanswer choice! Gregor Mendelformulated three laws of genetics that govern our understanding of heredity. First is The Law of Independent Assortment,which states that alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells and offspring independently from one another. Second is The Law of Dominance,which states that dominant traits mask the effect of recessive traits. Third is the Law of Segregation,which states that when gametes are produced during meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate from each other. These laws help us understand how organisms inherit traits from their parents. Matchthe vocab word with the definition! hybrid means the same as heterozygous (Tt or Ww) purebred means the same as homozygous (GG or ff) genotype the genetic makeup of an organism represented by two letters (Bb, HH, etc) phenotype the physical appearance of an organism represented by descriptor words (blonde hair, green eyes, etc) trait an inherited characteristic (example: blood type) genome the whole of the genetic information of an organism allele genes that occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes and determine variations of the same characteristics dominant an allele that expresses itself while hiding the effects of another allele, represented by a capital letter recessive an allele whose effects are hidden by a dominant allele, represented by a lower-case letter