Evolution Big Ideas Review AKS-9/10

Adaptations and Traits Match the description with whether it is an inherited (passed on) trait, or an acquired (learned in lifetime) trait. There are 5 options in each section! Inherited Traits A birch tree has small leaves A polar bear stays warm because of its fat A rose has beautiful red petals A kitten has black and brown spots A giraffe is born with a long neck Acquired Traits A bear returns to the same trash can to dig for food A bird returns to a birdfeeder at the same house A goldfish swims to the top of the bowl when it sees someone's hand A man can speak English and Japanese A dog barks at the door to go outside Match the characteristics of Darwin and Lamarck below: Charles Darwin Saw that the organisms with traits most suitable to their environment were more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes. Jean Baptiste Lamarck Believed that acquired characteristics heavily used by an organism will continue to progress and evolve, while characteristics not used will begin to degenerate. Darwin's Theory of ? Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Lamarck's Theory of ? Use Theory of Evolution Example of Darwin's Theory using a giraffe. Giraffes that happen to be born with a long neck will survive long enough to reproduce since they can reach the food high in the trees. Example of Lamarck's Theory using a giraffe. The giraffe is born with a short neck and it starts to grow because the giraffe stretches its neck every day to reach the food high in the trees. Match the following to either: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift or Gene Flow Natural Selection (3) Gray tree frogs are able to camouflage in the dark trees and the green trees frogs can camouflage on the green leaves. However, the yellow tree frog is visible and eaten by birds. Warrior African ants emit a chemical signal that lets the others know they all belong to the same family (so they don't attack each other). However, warrior ants have learned how to imitate the signal from a different colony. So if a group of warrior ants attacks a colony, they will be able to imitate that colony's signal. As a result, the workers in the colony will continue on, now under the direction of new masters, without ever realizing an invasion has taken place. Some moths and butterflies, such as Peacock butterfly, Owl butterfly, and Eggfly, have eye-shaped patterns on their wings. This is to scare off predators by mimicking the eyes of the predators’ own enemies. Genetic Drift (3) A population of red, yellow and white roses in the garden center were damaged by the hail storm. The staff could only save the red roses the others didn't survive. American bison were once very prevalent in North America but were hunted close to extinction in the late 1800s. Only the buffalo that survived were left to reproduce which are alive today. The Japanese Juno spider hitched a ride on the shipping containers of tomatoes that were on the Japanese port. The containers were loaded onto trucks and brought to all Georgia super markets. Now in the fall we see spider webs everywhere due to the Juno spiders that have never been here before. Gene Flow (3) Lions live in the south Sahara Desert in breeding groups called prides. Females tend to stay in their pride, but males may leave to join another pride. Pollen from trees is blown far, far away to a completely separate group of trees and pollinates their flowers, producing trees with genetic characteristics of each population. A tiger raised in captivity is released to the wild, where he reproduces with a wild tiger. Types of Reproduction Match the description with the type of reproduction is belongs with. Each section has 5 answers! Asexual Reproduction 1 parent produces identical offspring mitosis happens quickly no genetic diversity Sexual Reproduction 2 parents produces unique offspring meiosis takes time and energy genetic diversity Types of Selection Practice Before the industrial revolution, trees were a light gray color. During the industrial revolution many trees were covered with soot. Because of this change, light colored peppered moths were preyed upon and dark colored peppered moths survived. What type of selection is this? disruptive stabilizing directional In a species of bird, males with really colorful feathers attract females, and really dull coloration helps the males camouflage from predators. Males with medium coloration are not selected for by females, and do not reproduce. What type of selection is this? disruptive stabilizing directional Small flies are easy prey for spiders and large flies are easy prey for woodpeckers. Medium sized flies tend to survive best. What type of selection is this? disruptive stabilizing directional White and black rabbits live together in an area. After a volcanic eruption the surrounding area is covered by black lava rocks. The white rabbits no longer survive and the black rabbits reproduce rapidly. What type of selection is this? disruptive stabilizing directional Peppered moths in London have both light-colored and dark-colored wing patterns. What causes this different in pattern? environmental changes random mutations adaptations due to environment What changes a mutation from a change in DNA to an adaptation for an organism? deletion of a base from the DNA addition of a base for the DNA if it helps an organism survive Antibiotic Resistance Watch the video and read the passages below then complete the matching below: Bacteria can evolve quickly because they reproduce at a fast rate. Mutations of bacteria produce new strains which can be resistant to certain antibiotics, such as penicillin. When antibiotics are used on these bacteria, they are not affected. The evolution of the bacteria is an example of natural selection.REMEMBER:Antibiotics DO NOT cause the mutations, it is a random mutation that occurs on the bacterial population.The main steps in the development of resistance are:random mutations occur in the genes of individual bacterial cellssome mutations protect the bacterial cell from the effects of the antibioticbacteria without the mutation die or cannot reproduce when the antibiotic is presentresistant bacteria can reproduce with less competition from normal bacterial strains Step 1 in the development of bacterial resistance random mutations occur in the genes of individual bacterial cells Step 2 some mutations protect the bacterial cell from the effects of the antibiotic Step 3 bacteria without the mutation die or cannot reproduce when the antibiotic is present Last one: Step 4 resistant bacteria can reproduce with less competition from normal bacterial strains A bacterium known as Staphylococcus aureus (see pic) infected a patient on July 20, 2013. The patient visited a hospital for treatment and was prescribed antibiotics to kill the bacteria. Which interpretation best explains the above graph? Doctors applied three antibiotics, and after each use of an antibiotic, the bacterial population would become resistant until the patient died. Doctors applied three antibiotics, and they eventually worked, successfully defeating the bacterial population. The antibiotics were totally useless because the bacteria never suffered from population declines. The patient recovered fully from his infection. Which primary mechanism of evolution is taking place in our population of bacteria? Migration – resistant bacteria moved within his body to uninfected places Natural Selection – resistant bacteria survived and passed on their resistance gene to future generations Non-random Mating – bacteria selected mates that improved their offspring survivability Infinitely large population – bacterial population was too big to be treated by an antibiotic What adaptation determined which bacteria survived and reproduced? Metabolism of glucose allowed the population to grow quickly and outcompete Sexual reproduction created variation in the bacterial population The antibiotic caused a mutation in the bacteria Random genetic mutation that made the bacteria resistant to antibiotics How could bacteria evolve so quickly over such a short period of time? Bacteria produce many generations in a short period of time Many different species of bacteria were present in the patient World travelers carry bacteria around the globe Bacteria have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio