A&P Chapters 1, 2 & 3 "Do you Know?"

AnatomyandPhysiology are all about thestructure of the body and thefunction of those structures. Human beings are organisms who demonstrate certain characteristics of life such asmovement(to get around),responsiveness (to respond to their environment), growth(to get bigger and heal over time) and metabolism (to extract energy and do work to sustain life). The smallest living unit of an organism is the cell which is made up of organelles which carry out specific chemical activities to support life. 5 Environmental Factors Needed For Life Heat Pressure Water Oxygen Food 4 Organic Molecules Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates In a negative feedback loop, a change away from the normalset point is detected by areceptor, sent to the control center, and corrected by theeffector. This is the mechanism by which homeostasis usually operates.In a positive feedback loop, the response moves the condition further from the set point, amplifying the change instead of correcting it. Match the following inorganic substance with the role it plays in the sustainment of life. Water (universal solvent) Oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) Carbon dioxide (waste gas, also helps maintain pH) Inorganic salts (help with electrolyte balance and metabolic reactions) What does a buffer do? Buffers speed up chemical reactions Buffers maintain a stable pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions. Buffers neutralize all acids completely. Buffers neutralize all bases completely. In nature things (molecules) want to go fromhigh concentrations tolower concentrations. Think of people crowded in a room. It gets uncomfortable so if you open a door to another room with little or no people in it, people will naturally move into the room with fewer people until the rooms have about an even number in them. This difference in concentration is called theconcentration gradient! Because this happens naturally, passive transport does not requireenergy. After all, if you give people space to spread out you usually get it to happen naturally.Now, think of a person in a quiet, empty room trying to get into and across a very crowded hall. That takes effort! Moving against this is likeactive transport and it requiresenergy in the form ofATP! Which of the following is not true of the Sodium/ Potassium (Na+ Pump? Uses ATP (active transport). Pumps 3 Na⁺ ions out of the cell and 2 K⁺ ions in. It moves sodium and potassium down their concentration gradients without energy Maintains the concentration gradients needed for nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and cell volume regulation What is apoptosis? The uncontrolled division of cells, such as in cancer Cell death caused by injury or trauma Programmed cell death that removes unneeded or damaged cells The process by which cells grow and specialize into tissues Match the planes of division with the positions they divide. Saggital Plane Separates Left from Right Sides Transverse Plane Separates Superior from Inferior Frontal Plane Separate Anterior from Posterior Use the following as a reference for the subsequent questions. Which letter above points to the hydrophilic (polar) head group? A B C D What is "B" pointing to? The polar head group The protein channel The Cholesterol The hydrophobic tail Match up the system with its function. Integumentary system Provides body covering, regulates temperature, protects tissue Skeletal system Provides framework, protects organs, produces blood cells Muscular System Produces movement, maintains posture, generates heat Nervous System Receives and responds to stimuli, coordinates body activities Endocrine System Secretes hormones to regulate body processes Cardiovascular System Transports nutrients, gases, and wastes through the body Lymphatic/ Immune System Defends against infection, returns tissue fluid to blood Digestive System Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste Respiratory System Exchanges gases (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out) Urinary System Removes wastes from blood, maintains water and electrolyte balance