Unit 2 Ecology Review/Study Guide Part 2

1. Diversity of Living Things: Organisms can be classified into one of 6 groups called Kingdoms based on the properties they have such as how they obtain their food, the types of cells that make up their body, and the number of cells they contain. Match the 6 Kingdoms with their description by clicking on the name of the kingdom in the left had column and then the correct description in the right hand column. A line will be drawn between the two to connect them. Archeabacteria Single celled; lack cell nuclei; reproduces by dividing in half; often found in harsh environments. Eubacteria Single celled; lack cell nuclei; reproduce by dividing in half; incredibly common Fungi Absorb their food through their body surface; have cell walls; most live on land Protists Most single celled but some have many cells; most live in water Plants Many cells; make their own food by photosynthesis; have cell walls Animals Many cells; no cell wall; ingest their food; live on land and in water 2. Classifying Plants and Animals - organisms classified into the plant and animal kingdom can be divided into two categories each based on characteristics. Complete the table by clicking on the table and then selecting the correct option. Classification Kingdom Description Angiosperm Plant seed is found inside the fruit Gymnosperm Plant seed is not found in a fruit Vertebrate Animal have a backbone Invertebrate Animal do not have a backbone 3. Photosynthesis - plants, some protists (i.e. algae and euglena), and some bacteria (i.e. cyanobacteria) are able to produce their own food via photosynthesis. Complete the statements about photosynthesis by clicking on the blank and choosing the correct word(s). In the photosynthesis reaction, organisms use carbon dioxide to react with water and uses light energy to fuel the reaction. The reaction produces glucose and oxygen gas. 4. Photosynthesis Reaction Complete the photosynthesis reaction first with words by clicking on the table and choosing the correct reactant, product, or symbol. R R R R R --- P P P 5. Photosynthesis Reaction Complete the photosynthesis reaction secondly with chemical formulas and symbols by clicking on the table and choosing the correct reactant, product, or symbol. R R R R R --- P P P 6. Cellular Respiration is a chemical reaction organisms use to break down nutrients, like sugar, to generate energy. Organisms from all kingdoms of life, including bacteria, archaea, plants, protists, animals, and fungi, can use cellular respiration. Complete the statements about photosynthesis by clicking on the blank and choosing the correct word(s). Cellular respiration is the chemical reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration is pretty much the opposite reaction of photosynthesis. 7. Cellular Respiration Reaction Complete the cellular respiration reaction first with words by clicking on the table and choosing the correct reactant, product, or symbol. R R R --- P P P P P 8. Cellular Respiration Reaction Complete the cellular respiration reaction first with chemical formulas and symbols by clicking on the table and choosing the correct reactant, product, or symbol. R R R --- P P P P P 9. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Reactions Classify the two chemical reactions as either the photosynthesis reaction or the cellular respiration reaction. Photosynthesis Reaction Cellular Respiration Reaction 10. Energy Source of Food Webs, Food Chains, and Energy Pyramids - complete the following statements by clicking on the blanks and choosing the correct answer. The ultimate source of energy for almost all food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids is the sun. One exception are ecosystems at the bottom of the ocean where there is no sunlight. These organisms use a process called chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis. They use the hydrogen sulfide released from hydrothermal vents to create energy. 11. Types of Consumers Complete the table of consumers by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Consumer Energy Source Example Herbivore producers - plants and algae Cows, sheep, deer, and grasshoppers Carnivore Other consumers; meat eaters Lions, hawks, snakes, spiders, sharks, alligators, and whales Omnivore Both producers and consumers (plants and animals) Bears, pigs, gorillas, rats, raccoons, cockroaches, some insects, and humans Decomposers Breaks down dead organisms and returns nutrients to the soil, water, or air Fungi and Bacteria Scavengers Eat dead materials with mouth Larger organisms like vulture and hyena Detritivores Eat dead materials with mouth Smaller organisms (insects) like worms and roly-pollies 12. What do all the consumers on the table in the previous question have in common? they can all produce their own food via photosynthesis they can all produce their own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis they all have to rely on consuming or eating other organisms as an energy source they all have to rely on the sun to produce their own food called glucose, which is a carbohydrate rich with energy 13. Food chains, food webs, and trophic levels illustrate three things. Mark all three of the options that apply. How energy is transferred What the size of each individual organism is How much energy is transferred. Which organisms are dependent on each others for survival 14. Food Chains - complete the statements about food chains below by clicking on the blanks and choosing the correct option. In a food chain only one set of relationships in an ecosystem are shown. Arrows show the transfer of energy through the ecosystem. Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next trophic level. Food chains always start with a primary producer. 15. Food Chain Trophic Levels Identify the trophic levels by clicking on the blue dots and choosing the correct option from the following word bank: Primary Consumer, Primary Producer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer. Primary Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer 16. Energy Transfer through a Food Chain Identify the amount of energy transferred through the food chain by clicking on the table and choosing the correction option. Grass Grasshopper Shrew Owl 12,000 J 1,200 J 120 J 12 J 17. Food Chains - use the food chain below to fill in the blanks. To fill in the blanks, click on the blank and choose the correct option. On the food chain:What eats the grasshopper? the shrewWhat eats the eats the grass? the grasshopperWhat eats the shrew? the owlThe owl is the apex predator in this food chain. 18. Food Webs - complete the statements below by clicking on a the blanks and choosing the correct option. A food web shows multiple sets of relationships in an ecosystem. Food webs are more detailed show many different relationships. Food webs are also a more realistic illustration of energy flow in an ecosystem because it is rare that an organism would rely on only one source of energy. 19. Food Webs - answer the questions about the food web by clicking on the blanks and choosing the correct options. What are the producers? carrots, grasses, and grainsWhat are the primary consumers? rabbit, bird, mice, and grasshoppersWhat are the secondary consumers? Bird, Fox, and OwlWhat does the owl eat? mice and grasshoppersWhat eats the grasshopper? Owl and Bird 20. Energy Pyramid - complete the statements about energy pyramids by clicking on the blank and choosing the correction option. An energy pyramid is a way to visualize the loss of energy in an ecosystem. Each level on the energy pyramid represents a trophic level. Most of the energy is located at the bottom of the pyramid, which are producers. Energy and number of organisms for each trophic level decreases moving toward the top of the pyramid. 21. The Nitrogen Cycle Identify the steps of the nitrogen cycle by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Nitrogen Cycle Steps Description 1 Lightning can bond with nitrogen gs in the air and add solid nitrogen to the soil. 2 Nitrogen fixing bacteria in roots take nitrogen out of the air and turns it into a usable form for plants in a process called nitrogen fixation. 3 Plants store nitrogen in their body tissue in a process called assimilation. 4 Animals eat plants and obtain nitrogen. Nitrogen us used to make proteins throughout the body. 5 Animals defecate and plants and animals die and bacteria return nitrogen to the soil. 6 Other bacteria in soil return nitrogen to the air in a process called denitrification. 22. What is the most important mover of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle? algae bacteria plants animals 23. Humans are altering the nitrogen cycle in two ways. Choose the two correct options. An increase in volcanic eruptions. Use of fertilizers causes eutrophication Burning excess fossil fuels creates acid rain. Decreasing the rate of photosynthesis 24. The Carbon Cycle Complete the steps of the carbon cycle by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Steps of the Carbon Cycle Desctiptions 1 Plants and algae convert carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and water into glucose (C6H12O6) during photosynthesis. Oxygen is also real eased. 2 Animals eat plants and get the carbon from C6H12O6 into their bodies. This carbon provides the body with energy. Oxygen from plants is also inhaled by animals and used to break down C6H12O6. 3 Carbon is returned to the air or water when animals and decomposers exhale CO2. 4 Carbon is returned to the soil when decomposers break down feces and dead bodies. 25. What is a carbon sink? The primary source of carbon for photosynthesis. The primary source of carbon for cellular respiration. A short term storage of carbon, such as the ocean and fossil fuels. A long term storage of carbon, such as the ocean and fossil fuels. 26. The Hydrologic Cycle Water Cycle Complete the table for the steps of the water cycle by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Steps of the Water Cycle Descriptoin 1 Water enters the atmosphere by evaporation, transpiration, and cellular respiration. 2 Condensation - water cools and forms clouds 3 Precipitation - clouds build and release liquid in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail 4 Run Off - water rolls off land into a body of water of surface water (Lake, pond, stream). 5 Infiltration - water percolates through soil and recharges aquifer 27. How is water added to the atmosphere. Match the three ways water is added to the atmosphere by clicking on the term on the left column and the correct definition in the right column. Evaporation When a liquid changes into a gas Transpiration Plants release water excess water through pores on the underneath part of leaves Cellular Respiration Water is released from organisms as a product during the reaction of breaking down food to store energy 28. How are humans altering the water cycle? Click the three that apply. Adding pollutants Cutting down trees decreasing transpiration Increased use of fossil fuels creates acid rain Increasing the amount of water plants absorb through their roots 29. The Phosphorous Cycle Put the steps of the nitrogen cycle in order by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Steps of the Phosphorous Cycle Description 1 Phosphorous is stored in rocks. 2 Weathering of rocks add phosphorous to soil. 3 Plants absorb phosphorous through their roots. 4 Animals eat plants. 5 Decomposers return phosphorous to soil. 30. How are humans altering the phosphorous cycle? Click the two that apply. Overflowing sewers can increase phosphorous levels which leads to eutrophication Cheaper detergents may contain phosphorous and if leaked can lead to eutrophication Increasing the rate of photosynthesis Increasing the rate of cellular respiration 31. Which nutrient cycle does NOT have an atmosphere portion? The Carbon Cycle The Water Cycle The Phosphorous Cycle The Nitrogen Cycle 32. Ecological Succession - complete the statements by clicking on the blanks and choosing the correct option. Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement of some or all of the species in a community. Ecological succession can take 100's-1000's of years and ends in a final stable community called a climax community. There are two types of succession, primary and secondary. Primary succession takes a longer amount of time because there is no soil. Secondary succession is more common. 33. Steps of Primary Succession Put the steps of primary succession in order by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Steps of Primary Succession Description 1 Rock is physically and chemically weathered and broken down to make soil 2 Thin soil can support grasses 3 As grasses die and decompose they contribute to soils layer and soil gets thicker 4 As soil thickens it can support larger plant life like shrubs 5 First trees that grow are usually sun loving trees like pine trees 6 As pines grow tall they shade their saplings, saplings can't get sun and die 7 Shade loving trees like deciduous trees (oak, hickory) grow under pines, eventually outgrowing and replace pines 34. What is a pioneer species? the last species to grow in an ecosystem in the succession process the first species to grow in an ecosystem in the succession process the final stable community formed at the end of succession the community before a natural disaster 35. Weathering of Rocks Classify the information as either chemical weathering or physical weathering by clicking on the information and choosing the correct option . Chemical Weathering Lichen and moss secrete acid to dissolve rock Physical Weathering Wind, water, and frost wedging (frozen water expands and creates cracks in rocks) 36. Secondary Succession Complete the table for the steps of secondary succession by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Steps of Secondary Succession Description 1 Soil is already established 2 Pioneer species start to grow such as grasses and weeds 3 shrubs begin to grow 4 Pine trees grow 5 Deciduous trees groq 37. Old Field Secondary Succession Complete the table for the steps of old field secondary succession by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Steps of Old Field Secondary Succession Description 1 Pioneer species of grasses establish quickly due to rich soil 2 farmers filed becomes a forest 38. Pond to Forest Succession Complete the table for the steps of a pond to forest secondary succession by clicking on the table and choosing the correct option. Pond to Field Succession Steps Description 1 Pond fills with lead leaves, debris, eroded sediment 2 Makes the pond more shallow 3 Sunlight helps plants grow in a shallow pond 4 Eventually fill in completed with sediment 5 Pond can fill and become a forest if not maintained