Kinetics and Equilibrium

Complete the following table by indicating whether each of the following scenarios would either increase or decrease the rate of reaction. The first one has been done for you. Scenario Increase or Decrease? Adding Heat Increase Removing Heat Decrease Adding a Catalyst Increase Diluting a Solution Decrease Removing an Enzyme (catalyst) Decrease Lowering the Temperature Decrease Increasing the Temperature Increase Decreasing the Surface Area Decrease Increasing the Concentration of a Solution Increase Breaking a Reactant Down into Smaller Pieces Increase Complete the following table by indicating which factor would have the greatest impact on the rate of reaction. Choose from concentration, temperature, surface area or catalyst. The first one has been done for you. Scenario Factor that has the greatest impact on the rate of reaction Blowing air on a campfire to help get it going. concentration Raw carrots are cut into thin slices for cooking. surface area Protein is broken down in the stomach by the enzyme pepsin. catalyst A woolly mammoth is found, perfectly preserved, near the Arctic circle. temperature More bubbles appear when a concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid is added to a magnesium strip than when a dilute solution of the acid is added. concentration Exhaust from a car engine passes through a catalytic converter changing most of the poisonous nitrogen oxides into nitrogen gas and oxygen gas. catalyst A dust explosion occurs in a saw mill. surface area Use the terms to correctly fill in the blanks. 1. A freshly exposed surface of metallic sodium tarnishes almost instantly if exposed to air and moisture, while iron will slowly turn to rust under the same conditions. In these two situations, the rate of reactionrefers to how quickly or slowly reactants turn into products. 2. Adding heatwill increase the rate of reaction because this causes the particles of the reactants to move more quickly, resulting in more collisions and more energy. 3. Removing heat will lower the temperature,causing the particles of the reactants to slow down, resulting in less frequent collisions. 4. Concentrationrefers to how much solute is dissolved in a solution. If there is a greater concentration of reactant particles present, there is a greater chance that collisionsamong them will occur. More collisions mean a higher rate of reaction. 5. A concentrated acid solution will react more quickly than a diluteacid solution because there are more molecules present, increasing the chance of collisions. 6. Grains of sugar have a greater surface areathan a solid cube of sugar of the same mass, and therefore will dissolve quicker in water.7. A catalyst,for example an enzyme, is used to speed up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction itself. Complete the labels on the diagram below. Energy of reactants Activation energy Energy released Energy of products Predict the direction of the shift and the effect on the concentration of reactants and products for the following equilibrium: CaCO3 (s) <--> CaO (s) + O2 (g) To describe the shift say either "products" or "reactants" to say which it goes towardsTo describe the effect on a particular compound, say "increase" or "decrease"If it does not cause any change, type "none" Distubance/ Shift Direction of shift Effect on CaCO3 Effect on CaO Effect on O2 Adding CaO reactants increase ----------- ------------ Removing O2 products decrease ------------ ----------- Increasing the temperature reactants increase decrease decrease Decreasing the temperature products decrease increase increase Increasing the pressure reactants increase decrease decrease Adding a Catalyst none none none none