Big Bang Theory Evidence

Evidence of the Big Bang TheoryRead the following text and work through the sections of this worksheet.As you review the 3 key pieces of evidence, complete your handout with the 3 telescopes.When you have written each piece of evidence completely, add them to your science notebook. #1 Movement of objects in the universeWe perceive waves at different frequencies depending on our movements. The change in perceived frequency of a wave is called the Doppler Effect.The Doppler Effect is what happens when an ambulance is driving toward you. The siren sounds higher pitched coming toward you and then lower as it is driving away. The change is sound is caused by a change in frequency of the sound waves hitting your ears.Sound is not the only thing that travels in waves. Light does also. Scientists us the Doppler Effect of light waves to determine whether the stars and galaxies are moving toward or away from us. Instead of listening they look. If the star is moving toward us, then it gives off slightly blue light. And if it’s moving away – as most objects in the universe are- it appears redder.Edwin Hubble discovered an electromagnetic property called "Red Shift" which helped determine that galaxies moving away from us had lower frequency wavelengths than galaxies moving toward us.Light from galaxies outside our local group appears to be toward the red end of the spectrum (the Red Shift). Which means that it supports the theory that the entire universe is expanding! What is Red Shift? Watch the video below and continue working through the tasks. Who's Important?Edwin Hubble @Edwin_Hubble . 23 Nov 1929Check out my new findings in The New York Times. Turns out the universe is expanding,@Albert_Einstein. We found this electromagnetic property that we see as galaxies are moving away from us. The wavelengths of the light get longer as the galaxy moves farther away! We're going to call it#Red Shift #galaxiesliketomoveitmoveit The Doppler Effect 1. What do you notice about the waves in front of the truck?2. What about the waves behind the truck?3. Think of a car driving by as you walk down a street or a NASCAR race. When do you hear the highest pitch sound? Before or after the car passes you? Record observations about the Doppler Effect picture in the space below. Electromagnetic SpectrumFacts:- Light is emitted from galaxies and stars at different wavelengths.- Each color of light has a different wavelength.- Light behaves like sound. Which label shows the wavelength for red light? A B Both Let's make a comparison of sound and light. Just like sound, light has a "pitch" that is determined by the length of the wave. Thinking in sound terms, would red colors be low notes or high notes? Why?(Hint: Look back at the picture above to help you.) Answer in a complete sentence and explain why you chose low or high. Fill in the blanks with the correct word. If a galaxy is moving away from us the light waves stretch out and makes it appear red in color. If a galaxy is moving towards us, the galaxy appears blue in color. Red Shift on EM SpectrumThe patterns of the black lines tell us what elements are found in a star. Each element has a unique set of absorption lines. Absorption lines Click the link to learn more about absorption lines and what they mean. Play around with the interactive illustration at the bottom of the page. Then try the challenge questions below. Broken Rainbows Absorption Line Challenge Question Determine the 3 elementsfound in the Mystery Sun by comparing it's EM band on the far right to the known EM bands of the 6 elements.(Hint: Look at the location and size of bands as you compare. Look for the outliers!) Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur Sodium Red Shift Conclusion Main Idea: The shift in absorption lines is the basis of Hubble's conclusion that the galaxies are moving apart from each other. As a galaxy moves farther from Earth, the wavelengths of light increase in size and appear more red than it really is. This is the first major piece of evidence used by scientists to support the Big Bang Theory. Who's Important?Arno Penzias@Arno_Penzias . 20 May 1964I was about to make a doctors appointment to get my ears checked, but when@Robert_Wilsonheard the humming too, we realized it might be more than we thought. Turns out it's energy from the beginning of the universe....#shook #RoadtoNobel Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) RadiationIn the 1960's scientists accidentally found similar frequency microwave emitting from all points in the universe. They realized that this was leftover energy from the big bang. Its also called "relic" radiation.Energy is radiating towards us from every point in the universe and we perceive it as microwave static!It has been coined as the "afterglow" of the big bang. #3 Composition of the Universe Match the elements to their composition percentages.(Hint: Think back to the PHET atom simulation and the Rotation Stations.) Hydrogen 74% Helium 25% Other 1% Fingerprint of Hydrogen HeliumUsing powerful telescopes scientists have concluded the universe consists of mainly hydrogen (74%) and helium (25%). This evidence supports the theory of the big bang. Who's Important?Fred Hoyle@Fred Hoyle . 28 Mar 1949Worst BBC broadcast ever. I was trying to paint a picture for the difference between 2 opposing theories about how the universe began...NOT throw kindling on the "Big Bang" Theory. #steadystatetheory #redshift #stopusingbigbang Expansion of the Universe TimelineUse the following graphic tolabel andillustrate your timeline of the Expansion of the Universe.