DNA and RNA Study Guide

DNA & RNA Study Guide: Master structure, function, and key concepts!

Fill in the blanks below. (Be careful on spelling!) DNA stands for deoxyribonucleicacid. (Spelling counts here, so be careful!)The structure of DNA was first determined by two scientists whose last names were Watsonand Crick.The shape of DNA is best known as a double helix Which type of organic macromolecule is DNA? carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid DNA is composed of monomers called _. amino acids nucleotides monosaccharides nitrogenous bases Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA nucleotide? deoxyribose nitrogenous base uracil phosphate group The bonds that hold nitrogenous base pairs together are called _, which are relatively _ bonds because they have to be able to unzip during DNA replication. covalent, weak covalent, strong hydrogen, weak hydrogen, strong DNA contains the code to make _. proteins carbohydrates energy lipids Match the complementary base pairs. Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Adenine Cytosine Guanine DNA Structure Fill in each of the blank spaces to label the DNA Structure A G T A G G Nucleotide Phosphate Deoxyribose Sugar Hydrogen Bonds Chargaff's Rule According to Chargaff's Rule, DNA strands contain equal amounts of A and T and then equal amounts of G and C. (For example, if a DNA double helix contains 20% Adenine, then it must also contain 20% Thymine because every time there is an A on one strand of DNA, there is a T on the other side that is paired with it. Since 40% of the double helix is A and T, then the rest--60%--must be G and C. Of that 60%, half must be G and the other half must be C. So G is 30% and C is 30%.) Use Chargaff's rule to complete the chart below. Bases Percentage Adenine 15 Cytosine 35 Thymine 15 Guanine 35 Total 100 Chargaff's Rule See instructions in previous question for help. Bases Percentage Adenine 10 Cytosine 40 Thymine 10 Guanine 40 Total 100 When is DNA usually copied? when proteins are made before a cell divides during metabolism when a cell creates energy What is the complementary DNA strand? NOTE: make sure the letters you type are capitalized! C A G A T G T G DNA double-stranded contains thymine (T) contains deoxyribose sugar RNA single-stranded contains uracil (U) contains ribose sugar Types of RNA Match the type of RNA to its function mRNA carries DNA's code to the ribosome tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome to help build a protein rRNA makes up part of the ribosome