Unit 4 District Assessment Review

Topographic Maps Topographic maps show details of landforms, contours, and elevation through use of contour lines. In addition, these maps show vegetation, roads, human-made structures, etc. Satellite images are the basis of topographic maps. Historical sets of satellite views are valuable in studying past geological events, as well as studying and predicting weathering, erosion, and deposition events that could occur in the future and change the landace and environment. Features to monitor are deltas, alluvial fans, canyons and glaciers. Contour lines connect points of equal elevation. Index contour lines are darker and mark elevations. Spaces between lines are referred to as intervals. Contour lines that are close together indicate the elevation drops suddenly making it a steep slope. Contour lines that are far apart indicate the elevation drops gradually, making it a gentle slope. Use the map to answer the questions below What is the height of A? 900m 850m 800m What is the difference in height between A and B? 100m 200m 0m What is the contour interval of the map? 100m 200m 50m What is the approximate height of X? Greater than 1600 1500m 1600m Which lines are the index contour lines? Lines A B Lines B D Lines A C Lines A D Which of the following side views best matches this topographic map? Which of the following paths is the steepest? Path A Path B Which circle represents the steepest slope? A B Which of the following side views best matches the topographic map? Which circle represents the gentlest slope? A B Which direction will the water flow based on this map? Northwest Northeast Southwest Southeast Plate Tectonic Theory Plate Boundaries Alfred Wegener proposed the continental drift theory. He saw how continents fit together and analyzed similar fossil deposit patterns that flowed naturally from one continent to the another. New technology in the 1960s let to the plate tectonic theory, which state that the lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that slowly move on top of the asthenosphere. Convection drives the movement of plate tectonics. Convergent collide ocean-ocean = island arc continent-continent = mountains ocean-continent = trenches volcanos subduction Divergent pull apart continent-continent = rift valley oceanic-oceanic = mid ocean ridge sea floor spreading Transform slide past each other earthquakes What type of plate boundary is shown below? convergent - continental to continental convergent - continental to oceanic convergent - oceanic to oceanic What type of plate boundary is shown below? convergent divergent transform What type of plate boundary is shown below convergent - continental to continental convergent - oceanic to continental convergent - oceanic to oceanic The San Andreas Fault in California was formed along which type of plate boundary? convergent divergent transform What process occurs when one plate sinks beneath another plate because it is more dense? fault line subduction sea floor spreading volcano At which point in the diagram below would you find the youngest oceanic crust? A B Which crust is more dense? oceanic continental Which boundary interaction will most likely result in a rift valley? 1 2 3 4 What type of boundary is shown in the diagram? convergent divergent transform Watershed Watershed An area of land from which water runs off into rivers, lakes streams, and oceans Groundwater Any water that is obtained from an aquifer Contamination Substances brought about by carelessly allowing excess fertilizer to run into ditches and storm drains. Pet waste can add extra nutrients to water, leading to dead zones in lakes and oceans. Subsidence When too much water is removed from underground aquifers Non-point Source Pollution No single source of pollution. Includes waste from homeowner fertilizer application or pet waste Point-source Pollution The source of contaminants is apparent, as from a factory or water treatment plant Human Activity on Watersheds Spreading Fertilizer Before Rain Rain can carry the fertilizer into storm drains and other bodiesof water, causing overgrowth of plant life and affecting animal life Dumping Used Motor Oil Motor oil is carried along into bigger bodies of water. Pouring Unused Medication into the Toilet This could eventually end up in oceans and affect ecosystemsthere. Dumping Old Pool Chemicals on a Vacant Lot Some of this could seep into groundwater, polluting watersources or being carried off as runoff. When the water from the river was sampled at location X, it was found to be polluted with various chemicals. What would be the most likely source for this pollution? City 1 2 City 2 3 City 3 4 City 1 4 How might runoff from farms adding fertilizer to a pond have a negative effect? Rapid growth of algae could cover the pond, cutting off sunlight to other organisms. Increased volume in the pond will make it harder for fish to find food. Chemicals in the fertilizer could enter the soil around the pond and be trapped there. Fertilizers could speed the rate of deposition of sediments in the pond.