Prenatal Development and the Newborn

Conception Conceptionoccurs when an egg from the mother is fertilized by a sperm from the father. In humans, this process begins with ovulation- when an ovum(egg) which has been stored in one of the mother's two ovariesmatures and is released into the fallopiantube. This occurs about halfway through the woman's menstrual cycle and is aided by the release of a combination of hormones. These hormones help the egg mature as well as cause the lining of the uterus to grow thicker and more suitable for the implantation of a fertilized egg.If a woman has sexual intercourse within 1-2 days of the maturation of the egg, one of the millions of spermdeposited by the man's ejaculation will travel up the fallopian tube and fertilize it. When sperm contact the egg in the fallopian tube, they release enzymes that break through the protective outer coating of the egg. The egg will immediately respond to the sperm by repelling other sperm and simultaneously pulling in the single successful sperm.A fertilized egg is called a zygote. The zygote travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it attaches itself to the inner wall of the uterus. This egg then enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and eventually develops into an embryo. Over the next six weeks, the embryo's organs begin to form. Its heart begins to beat. It is unmistakably human in appearance. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Using the information in the text above, label the diagram below.Word bank:uterusovaryvaginafallopian tubecervix ovary uterus fallopian tube cervix vagina THE EMBRYO The embryo's appearance changes rapidly until birth. While the inner layer of cells forms the embryo itself, the outer layer becomes a protective environment that will protect it throughout the pregnancy.This outer layer consists of three structures:1) The amniotic sac is the fluid-filled reservoir in which the embryo lives. This cushions the embryo from outside pressure and regulates temperature.2) The placenta is an organ that allows nutrients to be exchanged between the embryo and its mother, simultaneously filtering out harmful materials.3) The umbilical cord links the embryo directly to the placenta, transferring all material to the fetus. Developing Embryo Using the information on the embryo, label the functions of the corresponding elements in the picture using the following descriptions:-unborn but developing child-links embryo directly to placenta-cushions embryo and regulates temperature-exchanges nutrients and filters harmful materials unborn but developing child exchanges nutrients and filters harmful materials cushions embryo and regulates temperature links embryo directly to placenta Reproduction: Pregnancy Development Watch the video, then answer the questions below. When cells cleave, what are they doing? colliding splitting in two, over and over replicating over and over disappearing Which of the following is formed from trophoblasts? placenta umbilical cord amniotic sac Estrogen and progesterone are hormones that allow which process to occur? meiosis fertilization implantation Which organ only appears during pregnancy and involves the combination of maternal and embryonic tissues? uterus fallopian tube cervix placenta An embryo becomes a fetus around the end of week 6 7 8 9 What does the hormone relaxin do? loosens joints and ligaments to increase flexibility releases human placental lactogen it slows metabolism reduces urine production Which stage follows the Expulsion Stage of labor? Dilation Placental Contraction Ovulation Teratogens Teratogensare substances that may cause physical or functional defects in the human embryo or fetus after a pregnant woman is exposed to them. The word teratogen comes from the Greek word teratos, meaning "monster." Sort the words into the appropriate category. Types of Teratogens Alcohol Cocaine Cigarettes Lead German measles Effects of Teratogens Physical defects Misbehavior Low IQ Emotional problems Deafness Teratogens and Their Effects Match the teratogen with its possible effects on the fetus. Cancer Fetal or placental tumor Chicken pox Scars, eye damage Penicilin Skin disorders Diet pills Low birth weight Chlamydia Conjunctivitis, pneumonia Which of the following is more associate with environmental effects than with genetic influence? Fetal alcohol syndrome Prenatal maturation Temperament Rooting reflex Sequence of motor development Researchers want to study the effects of teratogens. They should conduct correlational research on an adolescent rat and a prenatal rat's exposure to teratogens an experiment on adolescent rats an experiment using pregnant rats an experiment using pregnant humans Fill in the blanks with the words from the word bank. Within the span of nine months, development progresses from a single cell into a zygote and then into an embryo and fetus. The fetus is connected to the mother through the umbilical cord and the placenta, which allow the fetus and mother to exchange nourishment and waste. The fetus is protected by the amniotic sac. The embryo and fetus are very vulnerable and may be harmed by the presence of teratogens such as smoking, alcohol, and drug use. Environmental factors, especially homelessness and poverty, also have a substantial negative impact on healthy child development.