Basic Punctuation 10

END MARKS An end markis a mark of punctuation placed at the end of a sentence. The three kinds of end marks are the period, the question mark, and the exclamation mark.A statement (or declarative sentence) is followed by a period.Example: For our party, I brought cupcakes.A question (or interrogative sentence) is followed by a question mark.Example: Shouldn't we leave early, since the weather is bad?Note: Be sure to distinguish between a declarative sentence that contains an indirect question and an interrogative sentence, which asks a direct question.INDIRECT QUESTION: She asked me to join the team. [declarative]DIRECT QUESTION: Will you join the team? [interrogative]An exclamation is followed by an exclamation point.Example: Oh! We would love to go to the Superbowl game with you!Instead of a period, use an exclamation point after declarative sentences that express strong emotion.Example: Jake is finally here!An imperative sentence is followed by an exclamation point if it expresses strong emotion.Example: Clean this room now! Fill in the correct word for the "End Marks" rules. An end mark is a mark of punctuation placed at the end of a sentence.The three kinds of end marks are the period, the question mark, and the exclamation point.A declarative sentence is followed by a period.An interrogative sentence is followed by a question mark.Be sure to distinguish between a declarative sentence that contains an indirect question and an interrogative sentence, which asks a direct question.An exclamation is followed by an exclamation point.Use an exclamation point after declarative and interrogative sentences that express strong emotions.An imperative sentence gives a command or order. An imperative sentence is followed by an exclamation point that expresses urgency or strong emotion. SORTING END MARKS Sort the sentences under the correct end mark. period (.) Avery asked if I could teach him Japanese. Your boots are still in the shed My cousin learned how to drive I love singing in the choir on Sundays This movie is too long question mark (?) When does class begin Does that clock need new batteries Do any of these coats belong to you Could we go to the concert Are you bringing a friend to the show exclamation point (!) Watch where you're going What an incredible idea that was My goodness, you scared me Stop that bus Look out for that bear SEMICOLONS Use a semicolon between independent clauses in a sentence if they are not joined by and, but, or, for, nor, so,oryet.Example: Everyone else in my family loves swimming; I prefer hiking.When the thoughts in two short sentences are closely related, a semicolon can take the place of the period between them.Example: The river is rising rapidly. It's expected to crest by noon. [two simple sentences] The river is rising rapidly; it's expected to crest by noon.Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by conjunctive adverbs or transitional expressions.Commonly Used Conjunctive Adverbs: accordingly, furthermore, instead, nevertheless, besides, however, meanwhile, otherwise, consequently, indeed, moreover, and thereforeCommonly Used Transitional Expressions: as a result, for instance, in fact, in conclusion, for example, in addition, that is, in other words.A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed to separate independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction if commas appear within the clauses.CONFUSING: Karen, Scott, and Jerome went to the concert, but Felicity, Marcus, and Joan went to the play.CLEAR: Karen, Scott, and Jerome went to the concert; but Felicity, Marcus, and Joan went to the play.Use a semicolon between items in a series if the items contain commas.Example: The International Club will meet on Tuesday, September 16; Tuesday, September 23; Tuesday, September 30; and Tuesday, October 7. FILL IN MISSING WORDS FOR THE SEMICOLON RULES. Use a semicolon between independent clauses in a sentence if they are not joined by and, but, or, for, nor, so, or yet.When the thoughts in two short sentences are closely related, a semicolon can take the place of the period between them.Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by conjunctive adverbs or transitional expressions.A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed to separate independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction if commas appear within the clauses.Use a semicolon between items in a series if the items contain commas. Correct this sentence: Sharks have a fearsome reputation, however, many kinds of sharks are harmless to people. Sharks have a fearsome reputation, many kinds of sharks are harmless to people. Sharks have a fearsome reputation; however, many kinds of sharks are harmless to people. Sharks have a fearsome reputation many kinds of sharks are harmless to people. Correct this sentence: The first ascent by humans in a balloon was in 1783 it lasted about twenty-five minutes. The first ascent by humans in a balloon was in 1783, it lasted about twenty-five minutes. The first ascent by humans in a balloon was in 1783. it lasted about twenty-five minutes. The first ascent by humans in a balloon was in 1783; it lasted about twenty-five minutes. Correct this sentence: I have received letters from my pen pals in London, England; Moscow, Russia; Nairobi, Kenya, and Suva, Fiji. I have received letters from my pen pals in London, England; Moscow, Russia; Nairobi, Kenya, Suva, Fiji. I have received letters from my pen pals in London, England; Moscow, Russia; Nairobi, Kenya; and Suva, Fiji. I have received letters from my pen pals in London, England; Moscow, Russia; Nairobi; Kenya, and Suva, Fiji. Correct this sentence: Boudicca was a queen in ancient Britain, she led a revolt against the Romans. Boudicca was a queen in ancient Britain; she led a revolt against the Romans. Boudicca was a queen in ancient Britain, she led a revolt against the Romans. Boudicca was a queen in ancient Britain she led a revolt against the Romans. Correct this sentence: Cooper, zinc, silver, and mercury are found in Mexico, in addition, in 1974, reserves of oil were discovered. Cooper, zinc, silver, and mercury are found in Mexico, in addition, in 1974, reserves of oil were discovered. Cooper, zinc, silver, and mercury are found in Mexico. in addition, in 1974, reserves of oil were discovered. Cooper, zinc, silver, and mercury are found in Mexico; in addition, in 1974, reserves of oil were discovered. COLONS Use a colon to mean "note what follows."Use a colon before a list of items, especially after expressions like the followingand as follows.Example: You will need the following items: a jacket, sturdy boots, a bag lunch, and insect repellent.NOTE: Do not use a colon before a list immediately following a verb or a preposition.INCORRECT: Additional supplies are: a pocketknife, a first-aid kit, a change of clothes, and a snack.CORRECT: Additional supplies are a pocketknife, a first-aid kit, a change of clothes, and a snack.Use a colon before a long, formal statement or a long quotation.Example: In Lisa's opinion, the twenty-first century will bring many new developments: there will be new cures in medicine, new methods of communication, and improved methods of transportation.Use a colon in certain conventional situations.Use a colon between the hour and minute.Examples 9:30 A.M. 8:00 P.M.Use a colon between chapter and verse in referring to passages from the Bible.Examples Esther 3:5 John 3:16-21Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter.Examples Dear Ms. De Rosa: Dear Madam or Sir: Fill in the missing word for rules for proper colon use. Use a colon to mean "note what follows."Use a colon before a list of items, especially after expressions like the following and as follows.Do not use a colon before a list immediately following a verb or a preposition.Use a colon before a long, formal statement or a long quotation.Use a colon between the hour and minute.Use a colon between chapter and verse in referring to passages from the Bible.Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter. Sort which statements require a colon and which statements do not require a colon. Some of the sentences require a colon and some do not. Sort the sentences out. Colon Required In her lecture, Dr. Jackson quoted these poets Shakespeare, Shelley, Dickinson, and Frost I enjoy the following sports skiing, hiking, and rock climbing. These religions are practiced in China Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Islam For the camping trip you will need to provide these items a sleeping bag, a backpack, and eating utensils. Carol pointed out these constellations Pegasus, Draco, and Ursa Minor. These are famous American painters Jackson Pollock, Georgia O'Keeffe, and Mary Cassatt. The ancient Inca Empire consisted of much of these present-day countries Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. Colon Not Required Some specialities in medicine are psychiatry, dermatology, and pediatrics. Food crops in Mexico include beans, corn, and avocados. The supplies needed for class include pens, paper, highlighters, folders, and pencils. APOSTROPHES Apostrophes are used to create contractionsandpossessives.To form a contraction,use an apostrophe to replace the letters you remove.Example: you form don'tby combining do and not,and replacing the oin not with an apostrophe.Possessivesshow ownership. To make a singular noun (like artist) possessive, add 'sto the end of the noun.Example: the artist's paintingHere, the possessive shows that the painting belongs to one artist. Add the 'seven if the noun ends with s: Chris's trophy.To make a plural noun (like animals) possessive, add an apostrophe after the s that is already at the end of the noun.Example: the animals' toyHere, the possessive shows that the toy belongs to more than one animal. If the plural noun doesn't end in s, add an apostrophe and an s.Example: the children's markersDon't add apostrophes to possessive pronouns. Example: The bike is hers; its tires were flat; that is ours.To make a compound noun possessive, add 's to the end of the last word.Example: my sister-in-law's apartment. If two or more people or things possess the same item, add 's to the last person or thing only.Example: Jason and Emily's vacation Fill in the missing word for the apostrophe rules. To form a contraction, use an apostrophe to replace the letters you remove.Possessive show ownership.Don't add apostrophes to possessive pronouns.To make a compound noun possessive, add 's to the end of the last word. APOSTROPHE EXAMPLES Match the example with its term. contraction isn't singular noun possessive painter's plural noun possessive students' possessive pronoun his compound noun possessive brother-in-law's two or more people possessive Tim and Barbara's wedding Sort the perfect apostrophe from the imperfect apostrophe Below are perfect and imperfect apostrophes. Sort them. Perfect Apostrophe Emily and Jason's trip baby's toys children's parents families' homes everyone's passports grandparents' dogs our shovel your towel Incorrect babys toys childrens parents families homes everyones passports grandparents dog Emily and Jasons trip our's shovel your's towel Match the incorrect apostrophe usage with the correct apostrophe usage. Match up the incorrect to the correct apostrophe usage. Im I'm worlds glaciers world's glaciers Alaskas Inside Passage Alaska's Inside Passage Youll You'll do'nt don't Chri's desk Chris's desk childrens markers children's markers her's hers our's ours sister's-in-law letter sister-in-law's letter Find the words in our punctuation rules. To mark a word click its first letter then click its last. INTERROGATIVE EXCLAMATION CONTRACTION DECLARATIVE PUNCTUATION APOSTROPHE POSSESSIVE PERIOD COLON